#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Convert a MAN page into a plain text document:
Manuals are stored in debian linux in the following locations:
/usr/share/man/
ex: /usr/share/man/man8/manual.8.gz
cp /usr/share/man/man8/manual.8.gz /tmp
gunzip /tmp/manual.8.gz
Using groff (groff -t -e -mandoc -Tascii):
groff -t -e -mandoc -Tascii /tmp/manual.8 | col -bx >manpage.8.txt
cat manual.8 | groff -t -e -mandoc -Tascii | col -bx >manpage.8.txt
gunzip -c manual.8.gz | groff -t -e -mandoc -Tascii | col -bx >manpage.8.txt
To find the manual:
find /usr/share/man | grep name
do not directly gunzip your manual page because it will modify the file
itself, not creating a new file. use gunzip -c (stdout) to send the file
to STDOUT and redirect to a file or pipe to a utility.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To configure soundcard, run sndconfig.
modifies conf.modules
modifies isa.conf
to remod isapnp.conf - pnpdump > /etc/isapnp.conf ; isapnp /etc/isapnp.conf
To play .au files:
cat soundfile.au > /dev/audio
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
installing a tarball:
unpackage: gunzip and tar
run ./configure
compile: gmake
go root: su
install: gmake install
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ wine -winver win95 -desktop 640x480 /dos/windows/sol.exe
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
setuid root
chmod u+s filename
chmod u+s /usr/sbin/pppd
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
To mount logical partitions:
C: hda1
D: hdb1
E: hda5
F: hda6
G: hda7
H: hda8
I: hdb5
J: cdrom
K: hdd
mount -t vfat -o loop=/dev/loop1 /dev/hda8 /mnt/tmp
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ipop3d:
ipop3d is in imap package
rpm -i:
wu-ftpd-2.4.2vr17-4mdk.i586.rpm
xhost localhost
su
export DISPLAY=":0.0"
killall -HUP inetd [Enter]
$ whereis file
rpm -qa|grep sendmail [Enter]
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
echo Deleting...
find $1 -name core -atime 7 -print -type f -exec rm {} \;
echo e-mailing
for name in `find $1 -name core -exec ls -l {} \; | cut -c16-24`; do
echo $name
cat $2 | mail $name
done
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Viewing GZIPed HOWTOs:
#!/bin/sh
# View gzipped How-To
if [ "$1" = "" ]; then
ls /usr/doc/faq/howto | less
else
gunzip -c /usr/doc/faq/howto/$1-HOWTO.gz | less
fi
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using crontabs:
# Run chklogs at 9:00PM daily.
00 21 * * * /usr/local/sbin/chklogs -m
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gnome-session
startkde
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Quotas:
initscript:
if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotacheck ]; then
echo "Checking quotas. This may take a moment."
/usr/sbin/quotacheck -avug
fi
if [ -x /usr/sbin/quotaon ]; then
echo "Turning on quota"
/usr/sbin/quotaon -avug
fi
fstab:
/dev/hda1 / ext2 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1
touch /partition/quota.user
touch /partition/quota.group
chmod 600 /partition/quota.user
chmod 600 /partition/quota.group
%restart
export $EDITOR="/usr/bin/pico"
edquota -u bob
soft - grace period activation.
hard - maximum under all circumstances.
blocks - hard-disk space.
soft=5000, hard=6500
inodes - files on disk.
soft=1000, hard=1500
edquota -g games
edquota -t # edit grace period.
repquota -a
quotaon
quotaoff
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
printtool or control-panel within X needs root:
$xhost +localhost
$su
$export DISPLAY=":0.0"
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#/etc/organization:
Specialized Systems, Inc.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kernel to floppy diskette:
dd if=bzImage of=/dev/fd0 bs=512
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Mount doslinux filesystem:
mount -t ext2 -o loop=/dev/loop1 /mnt/hda1/doslinux/system/doslinux.img /mnt/tmp
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mount the CD-RW
mount /dev/hdd /mnt/cdrw
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Creating a device in /dev:
cd /dev/
modprobe loop # load the module called "loop"
./MAKEDEV loop
The last command only succeeds if you have the loop module in your kernel.
In case your Linux distribution does not contain the script /dev/MAKEDEV,
then create the devices manually with this loop:
for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7; do
mknod /dev/loop$i c 7 $i
done
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# use stderr to find ip process is running.
# also demonstrates use of "&1" and "$?".
/sbin/pidof pppd >/dev/null 2>&1; PPPD="$?"; echo $PPPD
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# print filename TAB filesize
la | awk '{print $9 "\t" $5}'
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
su -c "[command]" - will execute the program and drop back to orig shell
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
alias tx='tar xzf'. Now tx [filename] will extract a compressed 'tar'
archive.
alias ls='ls -ho --color | more'. ls will now print a colored and paged
listing with filesizes in kb.
alias duc='du --max-depth=1 | more'. duc gives you a paged list of
subdirectory sizes.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
instead of:
% pidof rob
567
% kill 567
you type :
% kill $(pidof rob).
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
X doesn't load at all ('can't load font fixed')
There is something wrong about your fontpath. Make sure you have the X font
server xfs installed (rpm -qa | grep xfs) and that it is running (pidof xfs).
Have a look at /etc/X11/XF86Config. The fontpath setting should look like
this:
FontPath "unix/:-1"
Have a look at /etc/X11/fs/config. Do you have all the font directories that
are listed therein?
X loads but dies or shows just a grey screen
Have you recently created a file like '.xinitrc' or '.xsessionrc' in your
home directory? If so, you might have forgotten to make them executable.
Run chmod 755 .xinitrc (or .xsessionrc).
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ls|sort -r|less
find / -name file_name
du -b --total
du -b | sort +0n -r
less filename-1.0.tar.gz # to see if archive creates its own folder.
!string # will execute most recent command that began with string.
!?string # will redo the last command with string anywhere is the command.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
xv # screen shot application
import image_name.jpg
will take a screenshot and save in home directory.
run with ALT+F2
import -window root whole_screen.jpg
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
for x in *; do
mv $x `echo $x | tr [A-Z] [a-z]`;
done
to continue incomplete file in FTP, use:
reget
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
tcpdump -i ppp0
/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep inet | > cut -d : -f 2 | cut -d \ -f 1
grep search_string /etc/*
grep search_string /etc/*/*
man -k time | grep running
rpm -qa | grep package
rpm --rebuilddb
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inetd.pid'
$backgroundprocess & #logout as nohup to keep running
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
setenv DISPLAY=boris:0
xauth
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Record ppp interface local IP address
echo $4 >/var/run/$1.ip.local
# Record ppp interface remote IP address
echo $5 >/var/run/$1.ip.remote
# Remove ppp interface local IP address file
rm -f /var/run/$1.ip.local >/dev/null 2>&1
# Remove ppp interface remote IP address file
rm -f /var/run/$1.ip.remote >/dev/null 2>&1
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Security:
To disable all logins (except root), including console,
create file /etc/nologin:
#/etc/nologin
No logins allow at this time.
To diable all logins (including root), at console, combine /etc/nologin
with the file /etc/sucuretty:
#/etc/sucuretty
tty
To setup console permissions, edit /etc/sucurity/console.perms.
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mime Types:
/etc/mime.types - contains mime type definitions
image/jpeg jpe jpeg jpg
text/html htm html
/etc/mailcap - tells mail client how to display a mime type
text/plain; less %s; needsterminal
text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
strings stupid.doc > stupid.txt
zcat text.gz
chkconfig --list
tar afio
find . -name '*.txt' -print
find . -name '*.txt' -exec rm -f {} ';'
find . -name '*.txt' | xargs rm
find . -name '*.txt' -print0 | xargs --null rm --
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# net-up.sh: sets up network access allowing ping, ftp, and telnet
# for rescure diskette.
DEVICE=eth0
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
/sbin/ifconfig $DEVICE $IPADDR netmask $NETMASK up
/sbin/route add -net $NETWORK netmask $NETMASK $DEVICE
/sbin/route add default gw $GATEWAY
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------