• Binary System
  
• Mathematics
  

• Hardware Layers
  
• Integrity Checksums
  

Data Size Measurements:

	1 bit............: 1 bit
	1 byte...........: 8 bits
	1 octet..........: 8 bits
	1 word...........: 16 bits or 2 bytes
	1 KB (kilobyte)..: 1024 bytes
	1 MB (megabyte)..: 1024 KB
	1 GB (gigabyte)..: 1024 MB
	1 TB (terabyte)..: 1024 GB
	1 PB (petabyte)..: 1024 TB
	1 EB (exabyte)...: 1024 PB

Speed Measurements:

	Hz (hertz) - clock cycles per second

	1 Hz (hertz).......: 1 cycle per second
	1 MHz (megahertz)..: 1,000,000 Hz