A common frame-relay misunderstanding The encapsulation type on the physical interface must be set to frame-relay before any sub-interfaces can be created. The default encapsulation type is usually HDLC (High-level Data Link Control). So, before starting to create our frame-relay sub-interfaces, we need to first set the encapsulation type to frame-relay on the physical interface: router>enable router#configure terminal router(config)#interface serial0 router(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay Now we can create our sub-interfaces: router(config-if)#interface serial0.1 point-to-point router(config-if)#description This is our first sub interface for serial1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Setting the bandwidth on serial links Setting the bandwidth on a serial interface has nothing to do with the actual link speed. Rather, it provides the value that some routing protocols use in calculating routing metrics. The default bandwidth is 1.544mps, which is the speed of a T1 link. However, if you aren't using a T1, setting your bandwidth on serial links is always a good (and sometimes forgotten) idea. router>enable router#configure terminal router(config)#interface serial0 router(config-if)#description This is a 56k link router(config-if)#bandwidth 56